The sampling rate describes how many digital sampling points are used to approximate the audio signal over time.
This also determines the highest sound frequency that can be captured or reproduced by the digital representation, which is equal to 1/2 of the sampling rate.
CD quality audio uses a sample rate of 44.1kHz, while some multimedia formats like games and film use 48kHz.
Sample rates higher than this are intended for more specific use cases, like sound design applications where you may wish to apply extreme pitch adjustments to the recorded content while still keeping the entire audible frequency range.
Keep in mind that the higher the sample rate, the harder your CPU has to work.
Please refer to the table below to find out where the sample rate setting can be located in the following DAWs:
DAW | Procedure |
---|---|
Ableton Live | Options > Preferences > Audio |
Studio One | Studio One > Options > Audio Configuration > Audio Peripherals |
Cubase | Studio > Studio Setup > Audio System |
FL Studio | Options > Audio Settings |
Reaper | Options > Preferences > Audio > Device |
Logic | Logic Pro > Preferences > Audio |
Bitwig | Bitwig Logo > Settings > Audio |
Cakewalk by Bandlab | Edit > Preferences > Audio > Sync and Caching |
Pro Tools | Setup > Playback Engine > H/W Buffer Size |
Buffer size is expressed in samples and is usually found in your application's audio settings.
A computer processes audio samples in packets. The size of the buffer determines the size of these packets.
The larger they are, the more time it will take for the processor to process all of its samples, increasing latency. Conversely, the smaller the packet, the faster the processor will process them, reducing latency.
The trade off, however, is that smaller buffer sizes require your computer's CPU to work harder. This is because it forces your processor to calculate more operations per second.
Please refer to the table below to find out where the buffer size setting can be located in the following DAWs:
DAW | Procedure |
---|---|
Ableton Live | Options > Preferences > Audio |
Studio One | Studio One > Options > Audio Configuration > Audio Peripherals |
Cubase | Studio > Studio Setup > Audio System |
FL Studio | Options > Audio Settings |
Reaper | Options > Preferences > Audio > Device |
Logic | Logic Pro > Preferences > Audio |
Bitwig | Bitwig Logo > Settings > Audio |
Cakewalk by Bandlab | Edit > Preferences > Audio > Sync and Caching |
Pro Tools | Setup > Playback Engine > H/W Buffer Size |
This largely depends on your system's power resources and what type of task you are working on; it's common for producers and engineers to switch the buffer setting often depending on the task at hand.
Here are some general recommendations for different situations.
Depending on your system resources, you may be able to go lower or may need to go higher.
- Recording live audio* - 64-128 samples, or use Direct Monitoring feature to hear the input signal without any latency.
- Recoding MIDI parts* - 128-512 samples. (Direct Monitoring feature is only available for audio inputs)
- Mixing and mastering - 1024-2048 samples; your project probably has a lot of plugins at this stage, and latency is not critical.
* Most DAWs display a time latency value based on your selected sample rate, bit depth and buffer size settings. As a general suggestion, we recommend keeping latency less than 20ms when doing time-critical tasks such as audio or MIDI input recording.